Original Research

What Is the Address of Your Emergency? Navigating Language Barriers in 911 Calls with Mandarin-Speaking Callers

Nicole Stankovic, MPH, Camille Fogel, MS, Hendrika Meischke, PhD, MPH, Magaly Ramirez, PhD, MS, Angelica Loza-Gomez, MD, Anne M. Turner, MD, MLIS, MPH, FACMI, Mei Po Yip, PhD, MPhil

Jan 09, 2026|AEDR 2026 Vol. 13 Issue 2|Original Research

Language barriers during emergency calls can delay the delivery of care and jeopardize health outcomes for individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP). This study examines how Mandarin-speaking LEP callers and 911 Public Safety Telecommunicators (PSTs) navigate the critical task of address acquisition during medical emergencies. Using Conversation Analysis, we analyzed nine 911 calls in which callers were later connected to an interpreter only after providing their location.

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Improving 911 Police Call-Taking in Cincinnati: Implementing a Structured, Protocol-Based System—A Before and After Comparative Study

Bill Vedra, Karli Piper, Greg Scott, MBA, EMD-QI, Angela Huddle, Dave Warner, Jason Barbour, John O’Connell, Ty Wooten, Bryon Schultz,, Matthew Miko, JD, Jeff Clawson, MD, Christopher Olola, PhD

Apr 07, 2025|AEDR 2025 Vol. 13 Issue 1|Original Research

In an effort to improve efficiency and prioritization of its 911 police calls, the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, implemented the Police Priority Dispatch System (PPDS) in its 911 center on March 1st, 2023. After a year of usage, call-processing time and call prioritization efficiency were compared to the previously used system.

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Emergency Communication Nurse System Outcomes of Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch Codes in a UK ambulance service: A descriptive analysis.

Mike Brady, PhD, Mark Conrad Fivaz, MD, Peter Noblett, Christoper Olola, PhD, Greg Scott, MBA, EMD-QI

Feb 13, 2024|AEDR 2024 Vol. 12 Issue 1|Original Research

Most United Kingdom (UK) ambulance services undertake remote clinical consultation of 999 emergency calls, often using computerised decision support systems, such as the Emergency Communication Nurse System (ECNS). In 2021 the Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust implemented ECNS in a novel way. Both nurses and paramedics used the tool to assess the full range of Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS) codes and acuities. This study reports the ECNS outcomes of the full range of AMPDS codes, aiming to inform future discussion, protocol evolution, and clinical models internationally.

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International Comparison of Ambulance Times Terminology and Definitions: A Benchmarking Study

Burton, E., Willis, D., Boseley, E., Deasy, C., Franklin, M., Garrison, D., Henderson, C., Hutchinson, H., Kearney, P.M., Krammel, M., Lloyd, A., Loudon, W., Quinn, R., Masterson, S., McCarthy, V.J.C., Merwick, Á., O’Donnell, C., Overton, J., Van de Pas, H., Wolfe, J.H., Zavadsky, M., Crosbie-Staunton, K., Buckley, C.M.

Jul 14, 2023|AEDR 2023 Vol. 11 Issue 1|Original Research

It is evident from the above results that there is a lack of standardisation of terms commonly used among the participating ambulance services.

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Public Safety Communications Centers’ Benchmarking Survey

Doug Smith-Lee

Sep 19, 2022|AEDR 2022 Vol. 10 Issue 2|Original Research

Benchmarking for Public Safety Communication Centers (PSCCs) is relatively new. Recently, professional associations have been working on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to identify a number of performance metrics for call taking, dispatching, technology, quality assurance and administration. The goal of developing these KPIs is to provide fundamental metrics which are inherent in all PSCC work. Yet the standardization of PSCCs’ levels performance to these various KPIs is somewhat limited.

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Quantifying Cognitive Load of Emergency Dispatchers

Emily Weeden, Kelly Hale

Apr 04, 2022|AEDR 2022 Vol. 10 Issue 1|Original Research

During a given incident, dispatchers are under high stress balancing the workload of listening, understanding, recording, and responding to an unfolding event. These personnel work in a high stakes environment, where seconds can mean life and death. They are called upon to be the voice of reason and calm during traumatic events, and must follow policy and procedures in effectively communicating event information to a number of different user groups. The goal of this work was to demonstrate how a predictive workload equation can be used to evaluate cognitive workload of a dispatcher during a representati

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