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Original Research

What Is the Address of Your Emergency? Navigating Language Barriers in 911 Calls with Mandarin-Speaking Callers

Nicole Stankovic, MPH, Camille Fogel, MS, Hendrika Meischke, PhD, MPH, Magaly Ramirez, PhD, MS, Angelica Loza-Gomez, MD, Anne M. Turner, MD, MLIS, MPH, FACMI, Mei Po Yip, PhD, MPhil

Jan 09, 2026|AEDR 2026 Vol. 13 Issue 2|Original Research

Language barriers during emergency calls can delay the delivery of care and jeopardize health outcomes for individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP). This study examines how Mandarin-speaking LEP callers and 911 Public Safety Telecommunicators (PSTs) navigate the critical task of address acquisition during medical emergencies. Using Conversation Analysis, we analyzed nine 911 calls in which callers were later connected to an interpreter only after providing their location.

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Sensitivity and Specificity of Emergency Medical Dispatching Protocols in the United States

Gage, C. B., MHS, NRP, Déziel, J.D., Ph.D., NRP, Wilfong, D.A., Ph.D., NRP

Apr 04, 2022|AEDR 2022 Vol. 10 Issue 1|Original Research

Emergency medical services require the accuracy of priority dispatching to optimize the match between patients' medical needs, prehospital resources, and maintaining patient safety. When ambulances are traveling with Lights/Sirens rather than with other vehicles' flow and speed on the road, they place themselves and the public at a higher risk. From 1992-2011, 58% of all injuries and fatalities in ambulances occurred when the ambulance was traveling with Lights/Sirens. EMS physician(s) are responsible for all aspects of the EMS system, including EMD protocols. This research aims to evaluate the sensitiv

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911 Attitudes, Barriers, and Experiences Among Diverse Communities in Utah

Edward Trefts, MFA, Alissa Wheeler, BA, Jennifer Hurst, Isabel Gardett, PhD, Christopher Olola, PhD

Dec 22, 2021|AEDR 2021 Vol. 9 Issue 3|Original Research

Previously, researchers have identified barriers and facilitators to using 911 in Black and Hispanic communities. However, there are many other groups that have access to 911 service, who have not yet been represented in the literature. Prior to this study, a Community Engagement Studio (a focus group forum) was held to solicit input from representatives of various diverse communities in Salt Lake Valley on their attitudes, experiences, and perceptions of their local 911 services.

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Fostering Research Collaboration in Emergency Dispatching: A Qualitative Study of Research Training Program Participants

Edward Trefts, MFA, Isabel Gardett, PhD

Sep 07, 2021|AEDR 2021 Vol. 9 Issue 2|Original Research

With the increased importance placed on cultivating a translational workforce, there has been demand for emergency dispatching professionals to be more involved in research activities intended to improve patient outcomes. Through interviewing emergency dispatch professionals who attended a research training program, this project sought to better understand how to create more effective research partnerships with practitioners interested in doing research relevant to their field...

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“For Us, It’s the Only Way:” Characteristics of ACE Achievement and Barriers to Success

Kim Rigden, Isabel Gardett, PhD, Audrey Fraizer, Edward Trefts, MFA

Jun 22, 2021|AEDR 2021 Vol. 9 Issue 1|Original Research

Relatively few dispatch agencies using the International Academies of Emergency Dispatch protocol systems have achieved Accredited Center of Excellence (ACE) status. Despite ACE being the gold standard for implementation of these systems, no research exists about either barrier to ACE achievement or drivers of ACE success. s: The objectives of this study were to describe the barriers to achieving ACE and to identify characteristics that indicate success with respect to...

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The Impact of 911 Telecommunications on Family and Social Interaction

Anne Camaro, Elizabeth Belmonte, D. Jeremy Demar, Adam Timm

Jan 20, 2021|AEDR 2020 Vol. 8 Issue 3|Original Research

Several studies explore the link between emergency response work and compassion fatigue, burnout, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In each study, the connection between the challenging and traumatic nature of the workload and its effect on the responder are explored to explain certain behaviors, or changes. This study covers a different side of the impact of the work of emergency telecommunicators. Focused on the effects of the load brought home by telecommunicators, the study outlines perceived changes family members of telecommunicators notice during their tenure as...

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